KEAP1 and Nephropathy: 2014). Nrf2 controls the expression of ROS and the antioxidant agents via the antioxidant response element (ARE/EpRE). In physiological conditions, Nrf2 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by the repressor protein Keap1. Owing to this mechanism, Keap1 contributes to augmented oxidative stress due to the negative regulation of Nrf2 and ARE/EpRE activity (Kobayashi and Yamamoto 2005). Vitamin D3 could increase the expression of Nrf2 and also leads to reduce expression of Keap1. That decreases the development of nephropathy by inhibition of oxidative stress (Nakai et al. 2014).