PTPRD and cancer: However, PTPRD variation has not been reproducibly associated with any common cancer in genetic association studies [bladder (67), breast (68), colon (69), endometrial (70), kidney (71), leukemia (72), liver (73), lung (74), melanoma (75), non-Hodgkin lymphomas [e.g., (76)], pancreatic (77), prostate (78) or thyroid (79)].