In addition to elevated transferrin receptor expression in clinical ccRCC specimens (51), we show that intracellular iron levels are also elevated in ccRCC cell lines including 769-P (2.1-fold, p ≤ 0.001), 786-O (2.0-fold, p ≤ 0.0001), and A-498 (2.6-fold, p ≤ 0.0001) cells relative to primary RPTEC cells (Figure 7A). This evidence concerns the gene TFRC and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.