As one of the most widely used monoclonal antibodies for ICB, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies are designed to redirect T cells to cancer cells by blocking the binding of immune checkpoint PD-1 receptor on T cells and its ligand PD-L1 on tumor cells, thereby overcoming tumor immune evasion (Gambichler et al., 2020; Yamaguchi et al., 2022). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.