scRNA-seq has shown that the vascular-associated fibroblast subclass is characterized by an enrichment of the microvascular system, combined with a high level of IL-6 secretion, and subsequent upregulation of the zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit enhancer induces significant epigenetic changes in CCA cells (21). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and cholangiocarcinoma.