ATG12 and liver cancer: To clarify whether the endogenous SH3BGRL interacts with ATG5 for autophagy initiation, we also conducted a similar mutual coimmunoprecipitation analysis and found that the endogenous SH3BGRL similarly interacted with the ATG5-ATG12 complex (Figure 4(b)), verifying the involvement of SH3BGRL in promoting autophagy of liver cancer cells, even in the nutrient-sufficient situation.