Regarding CD34+ clinical trials of kidney disease, in a randomized controlled study, Yang et al. recently found that intra-renal transplantation of autologous G-CSF mobilized CD34+ cells for CKD patients significantly reduced adverse clinical outcomes (dialysis and death) at 1 year compared to the control group, but did not improve kidney function (Yang et al., 2020). Here, CSF3 is linked to chronic kidney disease.