Besides, in phase I/II study, Suzuki and colleagues reported that direct injection of G-CSF-mobilized CD34+ cells to both renal arteries of a 36 years old AKI patient significantly improved the serum creatinine level, GFR, angiogenic-related cytokines, and consequently kidney function 23 weeks after cell therapy without major adverse events (Suzuki et al., 2021). Here, CSF3 is linked to acute kidney injury.