TGFB1 and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: It has also been discovered that TGF-β1 can induce the process of EMT via modulation of various microRNAs, such as microRNA-182 and microRNA-21, in CRSwNP, with attendant downregulation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and upregulation of the mesenchymal marker vimentin and of N-cadherin (77, 78).