The effect of joint IMIDs on the incidence of depression was more pronounced in men (p-interaction < 0.0001), patients without hypertension (p-interaction = 0.032), those not using insulin (p-interaction = 0.0013), and those who had a disease duration of T2DM of < 5 years (p-interaction = 0.0016; Figure 4B). Here, INS is linked to major depressive disorder.