Taken together, we suggest that the administration of these recombinant pExu:gdf11 strains were able to modulate inflammation through interaction with the NF-κB pathway, which led to a suppression of the inflammasome complex activation and also to increased levels of IL-10 cytokine production and this immunomodulation can help to explain the ameliorative effect in mucositis. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is mucositis.