CD44 and neoplasm: Moreover, in the analysis of the correlation between L/R pairs and patient OS based on the anti-PD-L1 treatment cohort, some L/R pairs mediated signal transduction from hypoxia-like and stress-like tumor cells to IgG1 PCs (such as ANGPTL4/SDC1 and LAMB3/CD44, respectively), demonstrating a significant association with worse patient OS (log-rank P < 0.05), suggesting that these L/R pairs may play specific roles in patients receiving ICB therapy (Additional file 1: Figure S10A and S10B).