A randomized, double-blind, controlled study by Hsiao et al. [48] reported that the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the intervention group (SMOF) were significantly lower than those in the control group (MCT/LCT) (P < 0.05), and the prevalence of BPD was significantly lower in the SMOF group (13.3% vs. 36.7%, OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.21–0.86, P = 0.04). Here, IL6 is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.