VCAM1 and stroke disorder: Using a model of distal MCA occlusion in mice, it was shown that expression of Vcam1, Cx3cl1, Madcam1, and Nt5e (CD73) was increased after stroke [87], indicating that activation of the ChP can also occur in stroke models that do not produce a lesion close to the ChP such as the intraluminal filament model.