FFAR1 and Alzheimer disease: GPR40 activates the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway by blocking the formation of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (an inflammasome component).486 GPR40 promotes hypothalamic neurogenesis by enhancing cell proliferation and survival.487 GPR40 may associate with the development of epilepsy by altering N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated synaptic transmission.488 In Alzheimer’s disease model, activating the GPR40 receptor can reduce β-amyloid production and rescue cognitive deficits.489,490