LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Simultaneously, some sex-specific biological factors might affect the differences in metabolic parameters between males and females, for example, sex hormones in adiposity and inflammation in obesity [24], estrogen receptors as regulators of body weight and insulin sensitivity [25], higher leptin and adiponectin concentrations in females than in males [26], and gonadal hormones and sex chromosome complement that contribute to lipid metabolism [27].