Additionally, they target a number of molecules that are involved in the regulation of various pathways such as stimulating the PLC/PKC and/or cAMP/PKA signaling pathways in order to improve β-cell proliferation, and promote insulin secretion [62], prevent cellular apoptosis via inhibition PI3K/Akt pathway [63], and lower hyperglycaemia through regulating hepatic glucose metabolism [61]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hyperglycemia.