Conversely, the decreased levels of p‐Smad1/5/8 and Smad6 following the increased level of p‐Smad3 were abolished in the HUVECs pre‐incubated with BMP9‐overexpressing HBV‐infected hepatoma cells (Figure 5C, Supporting Information Figure S4A). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.