Surface levels of PD-L1 were significantly elevated in neutrophils from patients with sepsis compared to those from healthy volunteers as measured by both the proportion of PD-L1+ neutrophils (78.4 ± 22.2% vs. 50.0 ± 23.3%, respectively; P < 0.01) and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of PD-L1 on neutrophils (6333, IQR: 3834–13,194 vs. 2116, ± IQR: 1641–3927; P < 0.05) (Fig. 1A-C). Here, CD274 is linked to Sepsis.