VEGFA and neoplasm: Other treatments approved for recurrent GBM include [16, 17]: the alkylating agents lomustine (CCNU) and carmustine (BCNU), which—unlike TMZ—may induce DNA cross-linking downstream of the preliminary guanine alkylation [10, 18]; bevacizumab, an antibody that binds and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) thus preventing tumor angiogenesis; and TTFields [19].