GPER1 and ovarian carcinoma: Promoting estrogen-dependent physiological and pathophysiological processes, GPER expression was found in various cancer cell lines of reproductive tissues such as breast, endometrial, testicular and ovarian cancer (Prossnitz and Barton 2011; Pavlik et al. 2011; Revankar et al. 2005; He et al. 2009; Chevalier et al. 2012; Fujiwara et al. 2012).