NOD1 and bacterial infectious disease: However, stimulation with the NOD1 ligand, Tri-DAP, only slightly increases ACOD1 compared to LPS [27] which may explain the lack of an impact on macrophage oxygen consumption (OCR) in response to NOD1 ligands alone [27], but when NOD signals synergize with TLR signals during bacterial infection this important antimicrobial pathway is likely enhanced.