The spatial behavior of shared genes in these two programs showed localization to two distinct signaling niches in the tissue, with the IC gene program (Cxcl2, Ier3, Fosl1, Il6) localized to the tumor core and the IFN response gene program (Ifit1, Stat1, Isg15, Irf7) localized to the periphery of, or distal to tumor lesions. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and neoplasm.