TNF and neoplasm: While similarly increased numbers and activation level of tumoral T cells were observed in ‘DT + aVEGF’ and ‘DT-only’ in comparison to ‘aVEGF-only’ tumor samples on day 20 of transplantation (Fig. 8c), IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ-producing and TNFα-producing CD8+ T cells were markedly increased in the combination treatment group as were monocyte numbers (Fig. 8d).