Key findings showed that EVs isolated from patients with heart failure (HF) and healthy controls followed by exposure on kidney proximal tubule-chips for 72h led to increased mRNA expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and IL-18 in human glomerular endothelial cells and proximal tubule epithelial cells following treatment with EVs. The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is heart failure.