In parallel, Pax2- and Pax8-positive LPM progenitors form the kidney, as initially discovered by the contribution of Pax2/8 perturbation to kidney disease (Bouchard et al., 2002; Eccles et al., 2004; Keller et al., 1994; McMahon, 2016; Poleev et al., 1992; Torres et al., 1995) (Fig. 1). The gene discussed is PAX2; the disease is kidney disorder.