SPP1 is particularly interesting in the context of neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease, as this cytokine is elevated in the brains of Parkinson’s disease patients and has a direct impact on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.22 In addition, metalloproteinases (MMP-7, TIMP-1 and MMP-9) have multifaceted roles in neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and neurogenesis.23 The gene discussed is TIMP1; the disease is Parkinson disease.