We further illustrated the functional characteristics of the RMS signature through analyzing the association between the RMS model and known biological processes-associated gene sets identified by MSigDB (Subramanian et al., 2005), emphasizing that high RMS was significantly associated with stromal activation status and cancer progression-associated pathways, such as inflammatory response, NF-KB-mediated TNF-a, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling (Figure 8A and Supplementary Figure S3H). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is cancer.