In addition to targeting immunogenic tumor mutations, autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) could help to promote tumor growth (Bu et al., 2021; Kirtane et al., 2021), and antibodies that target PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 could be used as ICB drugs for the treatment of a variety of cancers (Han et al., 2020; Archilla-Ortega et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and neoplasm.