TXNIP and Hyperglycemia: Intracellular high glucose concentrations induce TXNIP (Kim et al., 2012), which is known to mediate hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress (Schulze et al., 2004; Bedarida et al., 2018; Ren et al., 2018) and to deter glucose availability to the neural cells in the brain (Waldhart et al., 2017).