CXCL12 and acute kidney injury: The prevailing view is that although vein transplantation cannot be distributed to the kidney in large quantities, they secrete various cytokines such as VEGF, HGF, IGF-1 and SDF-1 through paracrine or endocrine pathways, exerting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, or significantly ameliorating kidney injury in AKI rats by releasing microvesicles containing various bioactive factors (Burst et al., 2010; Bianchi et al., 2014; Luo et al., 2014; Luk et al., 2016).