TLR3 and Alzheimer disease: However, when poly(I:C) was injected intraperitoneally into the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), activation of TLR3 attenuated neuronal loss and inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, decreasing the expression of proinflammatory mediators in the hippocampus (Wang et al., 2023a).