Finally, sinapine thiocyanate (3) from SS significantly decreases the protein expression of PTGS1, PTGS2, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and increases the protein expression of Bax to prohibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in SMMC-7721 (Wu et al., 2003b). Here, PTGS1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.