TLR4 and hyperuricemia: Expression of XOD (Figures 4A, B) and proteins associated with NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, such as TLR4 (Figure 4C), NF-κB (Figure 4D), NLRP3 (Figure 4E) and IL-18 (Figure 4F), was increased in the liver tissues of mice suffering from hyperuricemia induced by yeast extract compared with those in the normal group.