Nevertheless, although we cannot rule out the possibility of some post-meiotic impairments, we attribute the etiology for infertility in P-1 and P-2 mainly to the severe genome instability detected in sperm and embryos derived from these patients, which is consistent with a role of this family of proteins in the homologous recombination-related processes during meiosis I.42,44 Likewise, the Drosophila Zip3/RNF212-related genes may also function either during the pairing of the homologous chromosomes or at post-meiotic stages. This evidence concerns the gene RNF212 and Infertility.