ABL1 and infection: CagA immobilized at the plasma membrane undergoes selective tyrosine phosphorylation at the EPIYA site mediated by src family kinase (SFK) and c-Abl tyrosine kinase, where EPIYA-C or EPIYA-D is phosphorylated by SFK at the onset of infection (0.5-2h), followed by rapid inactivation of SFK by phosphorylated CagA and C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) (Tegtmeyer and Backert, 2011), and post-infection (2-8h) c-Abl phosphorylates EPIYA-A or EPIYA-B (Rudi et al., 1998; Tammer et al., 2007; Mueller et al., 2012).