ADAR and autoimmune disease: It has been reported that ADAR1 is involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases by editing and non-editing actions (Song et al., 2016; Gallo et al., 2017), including tumors (Nemlich Y et al., 2013; Han et al., 2015; Paz-Yaacov et al., 2015; Anadon et al., 2016; Chan et al., 2016), autoimmune diseases (Nakahama and Kawahara, 2020), cardiovascular diseases (Stellos et al., 2016), and mental diseases (Simmons et al., 2010; Kunii et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2021a; Zhang et al., 2021b).