ICAM1 and brain ischemia: SHD can significantly attenuate swelling, degeneration, and necrosis of neural cell, as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells caused by cerebral ischemia, and can significantly reduce the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (Wu et al., 2009; Fan, 2010; Fan et al., 2011).