In this study, in an effort to more fully solidify these relationships between TNF-α and IFN-γ SNPs and the odds of developing LC, a database search was conducted that ultimately identified 13 and 9 case-control studies respectively associated with the TNF-α rs361525 and IFN-γ rs2430561 polymorphisms. Here, IFNG is linked to laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.