The association of IL-5 and a Staphylococcus related ASV (originating from either S. aureus, S. argentus, S. equorum, S. phage, S. schweitzeri, or S. simiae), observed in this study may be a direct consequence of increased Staphylococcus aureus colonization as its derived products have been shown to stimulate mucosal tissue and underlying immune cells: Surface protein A can lead to mast cell degranulation whilst enterotoxins may induce Th2 cytokines amongst them IL-5 in cultured tissue fragments of nasal polyps (48). The gene discussed is IL5; the disease is nasal cavity polyp.