In vitro, CD19/BAFF-R dual CAR-T cells exhibited cytotoxicity against both CD19−/− and BAFF-R−/− human ALL cells; and in vivo, a single dose of CD19/BAFF-R dual CAR-T cells eradicated both CD19−/− and BAFF-R−/− ALL variants, whereas monospecific CD19 or BAFF-R CAR-T cells allowed outgrowths of CD19−/BAFF-R+ or CD19+/BAFF-R− tumors, respectively (87). Here, CD19 is linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia.