Given tumor heterogeneity has a profound impact on the immune microenvironment, we comprehensively explored crucial features of tumor heterogeneity based on MRMGPS including CNV, mutation profiles, TMB, epigenetic modification, HDR, MSI, MATH, LOH, ploidy, neoantigen, and tumor stemness (40, 41, 48).We found that among MRMGPS-based genes, ACPP, GOLM1, PCA3, SMIM22, and CTSZ showed comparatively high amplification, whereas TFF3, FAM3B, MSMB, and FCGRT showed primarily deletion (Figures 9A, B). This evidence concerns the gene GOLM1 and neoplasm.