NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain 3 (NLRP3), as a critical target in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, contributes to cell death and immune response in HF by forming NLRP3 inflammasome with cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1) and apoptosis-associated spot-like protein (ASC) (13). This evidence concerns the gene CASP1 and hydrops fetalis.