Subsequently,the AR dimer binds to a specific region of DNA known as the androgenresponse element (ARE) to activate or repress specific gene transcription.3−5 Abnormal AR activity is associated with various diseases, such asprostate cancer (PCa), androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and spinalbulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA).1,6−8. The gene discussed is AR; the disease is cancer.