In particular, distinguishing between atypical parathyroid tumors (known as parathyroid neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential) and parathyroid carcinoma remains a major problem because of the ambiguous shared features observed through histological examination as well as technical difficulties in performing and interpreting relevant tests (e.g., parafibromin immunohistochemistry)6,7. The gene discussed is CDC73; the disease is parathyroid gland carcinoma.