While the normal group individuals were the youngest (mean age = 38.4), the carcinoma group individuals were younger (mean age = 42.2, p = 0.0009, Mann‒Whitney test) than the adenoma group individuals (mean age = 61.3) (Supplementary Fig. 1), representing a prevalent genetic risk factor (i.e., loss of heterozygosity at the CDC73 locus31). Here, CDC73 is linked to carcinoma.