In particular, we further recognized that the TRPV1 blockade-mediated inhibition of HSF1 nuclear translocation is able to restrain TGFβ pathway to promote effective decomposition of tumor stroma for improving the infiltrations of antitumor therapeutics (e.g. aPD-L1) and immune cells (e.g. CTLs and NK cells) into tumors (Fig. 8k). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.