A recent meta-analysis of 27 studies with over 10,000 cases of colorectal adenomas (which are precancerous and thus considered as an important indicator of colorectal tumorigenesis)40 suggested a stronger positive association of insulin-related traits in non-Asians (summary OR [95% CI] for insulin = 1.67 [1.28–2.17] and for C-peptide = 1.59 [1.22–2.08]) than in Asians (summary OR [95% CI] for insulin = 1.10 [0.92–1.33] and for C-peptide = 1.27 [0.92–1.91])41. Here, INS is linked to colorectal adenoma.