USP44 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Interestingly, of the 236 CpGs used to plot the tree in Fig. 7H, 22 are shared with the 4333 CpGs from Fig. 7G. Genes linked to these 22 CpGs include USP44 (n = 2 CpGs), KRBA1 (n = 2 CpGs), and ANKS4B (n = 1 CpG), suggesting that epigenetic deregulation of these loci plays a role in ccRCC pathogenesis.