NOTCH3 and CADASIL: For instance, the most common form of monogenic SVD is cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), caused by Notch Receptor 3 (NOTCH3) mutations and primarily affecting middle-aged individuals, causing recurrent strokes, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment leading to dementia and disability [12].