The remaining 119 non-APOE-linked biomarkers were more outcome specific and did not show similar enrichment around high-risk genes for Alzheimer’s disease, including APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, ADAM10, TREM2, PLD3 and UNC5C. Instead, these were characterized by inflammatory, chemokine, complement and adhesion processes (C1Q, C1R, C4B, CCL1, CDHR5, GPNMB, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-27, IL-37, LTBR, PTP1B and SIGIRR), antigen-presenting and immune checkpoints (HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, BAFFR, C1R, C1Q, CD11, CD19, CD20, CD33, CD40, CX3CR1, PD-1 and PDL-1) and BBB tight-junction-related biomarkers (TJP1, AIMP1 and BIN1). The gene discussed is GPNMB; the disease is Alzheimer disease.