CSF3 and infection: WT CSF3R is a transmembrane protein that dimerizes in the presence of the ligand colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3) with a 2:2 ligand-receptor stoichiometry, leading to downstream JAK/STAT signaling and the development and proliferation of neutrophils, often in the context of infection where an innate immune response is beneficial (13, 14).