TNF and Arthritis: In a similar study, a thin film of PANI was used as theconductive matrix for the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)antibody (Ab) as a point-of-care sensor for the detection of earlyosteoarthritis joint inflammation.45 Quantificationof TNF-α could be performed due to changes in the electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy (EIS) signals from the adsorption of TNF-αonto the Ab-PANI matrix.